⁣⁣⁣CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ Course | Module 17 Part 4

Part 16 of Computer Networking Fundamentals: Routers

Routers

At the end of this episode, I will be able to:

1. Describe the basics of routers and the routing process.

Learner Objective: Describe the basics of routers and the routing process.

Description: In this episode, the learner will identify the basics of routing and the routing process.

• Introduction to Network Hardware
  • Routers+
    • Routers - a connectivity device that determines the short path to send traffic. Routers can send traffic to networks that they are not connected to. Routers use IP addresses to determine where to send traffic and operates on layer 3 of the OSI model.
    • Routing table - this routing element is a database that lists all the routes known to the router. These tables can be populated dynamically with a routing protocol or statically through manual configuration.
      • Components
        • Default route - is a route that routes traffic with no specific address of the next hop. In client computers this is typically the address of the default gateway.
        • Network Destination - the network IDs of known destination networks.
        • Netmask - the subnet mask for the destination network.
        • Gateway - the IP address of the next hop to which the packet will be forwarded.
        • Interface - this IP address or outgoing interface that connects to the destination network.
        • Metric - a value assigned call a cost assigned to reach the destination network. The lower the cost, the better the route.
    • Static vs. dynamic routing
      • Static routing - these are manually defined routes that are configured by and admin. These routes will not change if a shorter route is learned by dynamic routing protocols.
      • Dynamic routing - these are routes that are learning through routing protocols and communication with adjacent routers sharing routing information.
    • Routing protocols
      • Routing Information Protocol (RIP) - this is a dynamic routing protocol also known as a distance vector protocol that uses a hop count and the routing metric to determine the shortest path.
      • Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) - this is a dynamic routing protocol also known as a link state routing protocol. OSPF is a complex routing protocol that uses the topology information of the nearest neighbor routers to determine the shortest path.
      • Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) - this is a dynamic routing protocol used to determine the shortest path to route traffic across the Internet.
    • The routing process
      • When a router receives an IP packet, the router uses the destination IP address in the packet to determine where to send the packet. The router inspects it's routing table to identify the short path (route) to send the data.
    • Network Address Translation (NAT) - this is a routing technique that allows network devices within a LAN area network, using private IP addresses, to send traffic across the Internet by translating private and public IP addresses.

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Part 04 of Computer Networking Fundamentals: ⁣Wired Local Area Networks vs. Wireless Local Area Networks

Wired LANs vs Wireless LANs

At the end of this episode, I will be able to:

1. Compare and contrast wired and wireless LAN implementations.

Learner Objective: Identify the characteristics and importance of VLANs

Description: In this episode, the learner will be introduced to the basic constructs and characteristics of wired and wireless local area networks.

• Introduction to Network Infrastructure
  • Wired LAN
    • Devices in this type of LAN are connected using bounded media
    • Bounded media types
      • Copper - The most prevalent LAN-based network medium used today. This medium uses single or multiple copper conductors to transmited data.
      • Fiber - These medium uses an optical light source to transmit data through a concentrated core made of either plastic or glass.
    • For devices to communicate, they need to be physically connected via Ethernet switch
    • Due to the nature of the physical connections, wired networks can provide a higher level of security than wireless networks
    • Wired LANs can have constraints
      • Limitation of cabling (distance, electromagnetic interference, damage)
      • Building requirements (historical sites, cumbersome installations, proximity to the connectivity device)
      • Mobility is challenging
  • Wireless LAN
    • Devices in this type of LAN connect to the network via radiated energy
    • Wireless LAN Types
      • Infrastructure mode - In this type of Wireless LAN, a centralized network device called a wireless access point controls all communications on the network.
      • Ad-hoc mode - In this type of Wireless LAN there is no centralized connectivity device. The wireless devices communicate directly with each other.
    • Wireless LANs have become increasingly more popular due today because:
      • Ease of installation
      • Reduction of physical cabling
      • Mobility
      • Simplicity to add devices to network
    • Disadvantages
      • Communication eminations
      • Obstacles and interference
      • Network saturation and congestion
  • Hybrid LAN
    • Most common LAN deployment in modern networks today
    • This type of LAN combines both wired and wireless communication
    • Wired LAN
      • Workstations and servers (these are stationary devices)
    • Wireless LAN
      • Laptops, tablets, smartphones (these are devices that require mobility)
      • Any stationary device that requires a connection, but cabling is not feasible or possible

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